Valve



Aug. 6, 1929.

c. w. L NER VALVE Original Filed May 2, 1919 2 Sheets-Sheet 6, 1929. c. w. LARNER 1,723,359

VALVE Original Filed May 2, 1919 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Aug. 6, 1929.

UNITED STATES 1,723,359 PATENT OFFICE.

GH ESTER W. LARNER, F PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO I. MORRIS CORPORATION, A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE.

VALVE.

Original application filed m 2, 1919, Serial No. 294,155. Divided and this application filed November 30, 1920,'Seria1 No. 427,294. Renewed April 13, 1928. I

This invention relates to valves for pipe lines or conduits and particularly to valves immersed in the fluid in the conduit and sub- 1 water is discharged not in a smooth jet but in jected to the pressure thereof. In such structures when the conduit is empty or the fluid in it still with no tendency to flow there is little resistance to the operation of the valve and at such. times a comparatively light force A is suificient to open or close the valve. When the fluid in the conduit is flowing or stopped from flowing only by the valve, great pressures may be developed making it difiicult to properly operate the valve.

One object of this invention is to provide an opening and closing means for such a valve which will be easil operated by hand or mechanical power wlien the conduit is empty or the fluid is without tendency to flow, and. which will automatically utilize the fluid pressure in the conduit to move the valve as desired when the conditions of flow would otherwise render it diflicult to operate the parts by hand or mechanical power. Another object is to provide a simple and durable construction. Still another object is to provide a valve which may be used for throttling the flow through the valve as in the case of outlets from dams or pressure conduits where the inlet end of the valve is under the full pressure of the reservoir or conduit and the outlet end is under reduced or atmospheric pressure, causing relatively high velocity of the water through the valve.

, Ordinary valves such as gate or slide valves are'very difiicult to open or close under such conditions, particularly if the pressures are high, and they are subject to serious vibration and erosion due to the fact that the a violently disturbed condition. The valve herein described is of the needle type, discharging a smooth jet at all openings an the plunger may be held at any position or opening by the automatic balancing of the fluid pressure exerted upon the plunger without the application of any mechanical force whatever to the plunger. These objects and advantages will appear from the following description.

In the drawings, Figure 1, is a longitudinal cross section through a valve showing one form oi my'invention.

Fig. 2, is a transverse cross section on the line 22 of Fig. 1, looking toward the out- ,fl

let end of the valve.

moving element or plunger 4, slides in the internal cylinder 2, and its conical end closes against the seat 5, at the outlet end of the valve, as indicated indotted lines, said Seat being of less diameter than the outside of plunger 4, for the purpose which will appear from the following description.

Plunger 4, is provided with. an aperture 6, which iscontrolled by valve 7 mounted on the end of rod 8, movable for a short distance without moving the plun er 4, as shown. The valve 7 for purposes 0 identification will be referred to as a choke valve. Rod 8, is guided at one end in a bearing 10, which is integral with plunger 4, being attached thereto by ribs, as shown. The movement of the valve plunger t is controlled by movement or the rod 8. With small valves hand power may be used to actuate this rod but in case of large valves with heavy plungers and also where remote control is desired it is preferable to use power means. In the specific embodiment shown a cylinder 25 is fixed within the internal cylinder 2 and has a piston 26 on rod S'operated by exhaust ing pressure from one end of the cylinder and admitting line pressure to the other, for instance through pipes 27 and 28.

An aperture 18. 18 provided in internal cylinder 2, to admit line pressure inside of 2. This aperture is smaller than aperture 6, for reasons hereafter referred to.

The functions of this mechanism will be (1 best understood by considering separately the several conditions under which such a valve may be required to operate. These conditions are as follows, normal -fiow being understood to be from left to right in the drawings, and. reverse flow from right to left:

To open or close the valve:

(a) With the conduit under pressure and iiow'in the normal direction.

(5) With the conduit under pressureand flow in the reverse direction.

(0) With the line under pressure and no ((1) With the line empt It being understood in cases (a) and (b) that the term flow, with the valve closed,

means simply tendency to flow, which results in motion of the fluid as soon as the valve is opened.

(a) With the valve closed under condition ward by means of piston 26. This unseats higher pressure on the nose of the plunger andvalve 7, permitting pressure inside plunger 4, to escape to the region of lower pressure through aperture. 6, Plunger 4, will then follow the motion of rod 8, as a'result of the the reaction of the flowing water on the curved, surface of the nose. In this manner the plunger is opened at a rate which cannot exceed the movement of the hand gear by the operator because, if for any reason the plunger tends to travel faster, valve 7, will tend to re-seat itself on aperture 6,'thus building up the pressureinside the plunger and checking its motion. Pressure is admitted at all times through aperture 18, but since this aperture is considerably smaller than 6, this constant admission of pressure does not interfere materially with the reduction of pressure through aperture 6. If the pressure on the nose of the I plunger is not enough greater than the pressure inside the vplunger to move the plunger hydraulically, rod 8, will move it mechanicallv byv valve 7 striking against bearing 10.

When the plunger is open under condition (a), the operating mechanism will be in the position shown in Figure 1. The plunger will then be closed by moving rod 8, forward until valve 7, approaches aperture 6, when, if there is any considerable flow through the valve, pressure inside theplungerwill build up sufficiently to move the plunger and if, due to low velocity of flow, this does not occur the plunger will be moved mechanically by valve 7, seating against plunger.

\(b) Valve shown in Figure 1, will not operate if the flow is reversed.

0) With no flow in the conduit the plunger will be opened mechanically by valve 7 striking against bearing 10, and closed mechanically by valve 7, striking against the inside of the end of the plunge (a!) With the conduit empty the plunger will be opened and closed in the same manner as under condition It will be apparent from the foregoing description that, at no time, is the operating mechanism called upon to exert any more force than that required to seat or unseat valve 7 and there is no flow to overcome the friction of plunger 4, in cylinder 2. The force exerted on plunger 4, due to any condition of unbalanced pressure can never be transmitted to the operating mechanism because under all conditions the motion of plunger 4, in relation to valve 7, will immediately counteract any tendency of plunger 4, to move faster than rod 8. For eira-mple, if plunger 4, is opened by opening valve 7 and tends to move faster than valve 7 ,-this motion in itself will tend to reseat valve 7, thus automatically checking the motion of plunger 4. Conversely, if plunger 4, is closed by closing valve 7, and tends to move faster than valve 7, this motion of plunger 4, will immediately unseat valve 7, thus-tending to check the motion of plunger 4 Valve 7 is so designed that it will open suflicientlv to secure the maximum possible flow through aperture 6, before it strikes against the bearing 10.

The automatic function of valve 7 is to balance the 'fluid forces inside and outside of plunger 4 and thus keep the plunger 4 in a state of equilibrium. It is this automatic function which makes plunger 4 follow valve '7. and which holds plunger 4. stationary in any partly-open position if valve 7 is held stationary. No matter what motion is im parted to valve 7 plunger 4 will inevitably follow until it reaches a position Where the opposing fluid forces are again in equilibrium and there it will stop and remain until further motion is imparted to valve 7.

When there is flow in the conduit, valve 7 never actually toucheseither bearing 10 or aperture 6 except when plunger 4 is in open and closed positions respectively. The coordinated motion of plunger 4 and valve 7 does not occur when there is no flow in 'the conduit as, for example, in the case where the conduit is closed beyond the outlet from the valve, because this coordinated motion depends upon having, around the extremity of aperture 6, a region of pressure relatively lower than the pressure of the fluid way which is communicated to the internal chamber through port 18 or through the clearance space around plunger 4. This region of lower pressure depends upon the velocity and direction of flow across the nose of plunger 4 and surrounding aperture 6, the action of the, flow surrounding aperture 6 upon the flow through aperture 6 being similar to that of an ejector and tending to draw down the pressure in the internal chamber. It is obvious, therefore, that the shape of the plunger nose is vitally important in its effect upon the ellioiency of aperture 6. If, for example, the nose of the plunger were made fiat or-hlunt instead of conical so that the fluid, instead of being deflected by the pointed nose and turned into an axial direction, were allowed to flow across the plunger nose, so that the streams from opposite sides of the valve impinged upon each other, a back-pres sure would be built up on aperture 6 which would prevent the reduction of pressure the internal chamber which would otherwise result when aperture 6 is opened by Valve 7. In this case plunger4 could be unseated, but the balance of the stroke would have to be accomplished by mechanical force because there would he no region of lower pressure into which aperture 6 would discharge. The maximum efiiciency of aperture 6 is obtained lay prolonging the nose of the plunger until it extends as far as the point of maximum contraction of the flowing stream as it leaves the outlet end of the valve. This pointcan readily be determined if the valve is permitted to discharge into the atmosphere. It is also important to observe that thep'ointed plunger nose, necessary to the proper functioning of the valve 7, and aperture 6, is also most favorable in other important rcspects. It increases the dynamic reaction. against the plunger and assists the opening of-the plunger, reduces the hydraulic losses in the valve and produces a smooth dischargjet when the valve is used as a regulating nozzle on the end of a pipe line.

Figure 3, shows a longitudinal cross section through a valve with certain modifications intended to provide for operation with the flow reversed.

Valve 7, instead of bemgintegral with rod I 8, is separate and movable on red 8, the .niotion provided being sufiicient to permit valve Y, to seat on aperture 6, with rod 8,

the position shown on the drawing. Plunger 4, is provided with a flexible annular packing disc 35, which seats against a' shoulder in internal cylinder 52, when the plunger is closed thus preventing leakage from the inside of the internal cylinder to the water way in the valve body Whenthe how is lefthanded in the drawings Aperfl lure l8, provided with a hall check 19, in.

cage 20, to prevent flow from the internal cylinder into the valve body,

An additional aperture 21, controlled by a valve disc 22, operated in. the usual manner lay means of a screw and hand wheel, is provided in order to exhaust pressure from inside oi internal c linder 2, to the valve body when desired, perture 21, is larger than aperture 6,1901 reasons hereafter referred to. all other respects the construction is the some as shown in Figure- 1, and for flow 1' hthanded in the drawings the operation is the same,

The conditions of operation are as follows, having reference to the four cases (a), (b), (a) and ((5) previously enumerated:

(a) With the valve closed under condition (a) shoulder 23, on rod 8. abuts against hearing 24, in plunger 4, and valve 7, is seated on aperture 6, due to higher pressure inside of plunger 4, which is connected theretothrough aperture 18, ball check 19, being open.

order to open plunger 4, rod 8", is moved leach: until valve 7 is pulled open by collar 9,

on rod 8 pressure inside plunger 4, is then discharged through aperture 6, in spite of the fact that itis at the same time entering plunger moves forward due to the fact that the pressure inside the plunger is greater than that on its nose. Valve 7*, moves forward on rod 8, until it strikes collar 9, due to the same unbalanced condition that moves plunger 4.

(6) Under condition (b) when plunger 4, is closed, the operating mechanism will he in the position shown by Fig. 3. Valve 7*, will be back against collar 9, admitting pressurethrough aperture 6, inside of plunger 4, and this pressure will he confined due to ball check 19, closing aperture 18, and packing 35, seated against the shoulder in internal cylinder 2. The plunger is held closed due to the fact that the area inside of internal cylinder 2, exposed to pressure, is'greaterthan the area of the seat.

In order to open plunger 4, valve 22, is opened discharging pressure from inside of internal cylinder 2. This will drop the pressure inside of plunger 4, in spite of the fact that it is entering through aperture 6, because aperture 21, is considerably larger than aperture 6. The rate at which plunger 4, opens may be controlled by the opening of valve 22, and the opening of plunger 4, is thus accomthe valve, plunger 4, will close itself as fast as rod 8*, is allowed to move forward upon discharge or release oi.- fiuid pressure from the right or opening end of cylind a 25, this automatic closure upon reverse flow and release of pressure being due to the impingement of the reverse flow on aperture 6, thus causing higher pressure inside the plunger than outside. It.

will of course he understood that during normal flow through the conduit the valve 22 is closed so that in case of reverse flow fluid may flow into the plun er chamber through orifice 6 and he confine inthe chamber thus automaticallyhuilding up pressure in the plunger chamher to effect a closing force on the plunger.

to) and Under conditions and (d) the plunger must be operated mechanically. It is opened by collar 9, striking against valve 7, and the latter against bearing 10,

and is-closed by shoulder 28, striking against bearing 24.

l ihile those skilled in the art will understand the matter, it may be remarked that in the operation of the valve when there is sutlicient flow from left to right in the drawings, the opening 18, is exposed to pressure that may be compared to the pressure head plus the velocity head andthe opening 6, 13 exposed topressure that may be compared to the pressure head minus the velocity head and by choking the opening 6, more or less with the valve 7, or 7, this difference in pressure can be availed of to move the plunger element. To close the plunger element the opening 6, is choked or closed and pressure allowed to build up inside the plunger valve. To open the plunger element the choke valve is opened releasing pressure inside the plunger element which opens under pressure on the outside of its nose, acting at first on an annular area 0, and as the plunger opens on the entire nose.

a, are stops between which and the seat the plunger element moves with a regulated movement. Referring to Fig. 1, the contracted portion 5, of the casing consists of a detachable ring provided with a flange corresponding to a flange on the reduced end of the casing, and it can be removed for the in sertion of the plunger element so that the pasing can be made circurni'erentially in one piece. The opening 1%, may be omitted and pressure supplied inside the fixed element by leakage at 6, through the clearance space.

It is to be noted that there is a chamberA having a movable wall consisting oi: the nose of the plunger, and a chamber B having a movable wall consisting of the piston 26, and

' it will be seen that when pressure is exhaust ed from chamber B pressure is supplied to chamber A. thru orifice l8 and the valve will move toward closed position. When pressure is supplied to chamber the valve is opened and pressure is lessened in chamber A, and the valve will move toward open position. Therefore this construction forms in eiiect a differential piston, or a valve havmg difl'erential pressure chambers alternately to and from which pressure s supplied and en hausted.

, By the apparatus of this invention the aur outside 01 the main and this is particularly advantageous in handling fluids which it-is undesirable to waste or dnscharge.

This application is a division of m copending application Serial Number 294,155, filed May 2, 1919 for valve, now Eatent No. 1,465,916, patented August 21, 1923.

1 claim: I

1. lhe combination with a conduit, of a flow controlling means therein comprising relatively movable cylindrical members each of which members has an opening from its interior communicatin with the flow throu 'h said conduit, one of said openings being provided with an automatic fluid controlled valve and a movablecontrol valve for the other of said openings operable by lluid pressure means toopen or close one of said members across said flow. i

3. The combination with a conduit having walls expanding in the direction of flow, of a cylinder in the expanded portion of said conduit having a conical end spreading the flow into an annular space between the cylinder and the conduit, smoothly contracting walls in the lower portion of said conduit, a hollow valve member in said cylinder closing against a seat in the contracted portion of said conduit, said valve member being of gradually tapering form in relation to said contracted-walls and adapted to smoothly divert, the flow of fluid in said conduit from a substantially axial direction in that portion of said conduit anterior to the region of closure to a direction oblique to the axis of said conduit at the region of closure and again to an axial direction in the portion of said conduit beyond the region of closure without sudden variation in direction or velocity and to develop a reaction against said tapering surfaces tending to move said valve, and means for moving said valve with relation to said contracting walls comprising fluid pres sure operated means in said cylinder connected to said valve and operatedby fluid pressure from said conduit, and a valve controlled fluid pressure connection from a portion of said conduit adapted to vary the lluid pressure against the inside of said valve so as to cooperate with said fluid pressure operated means to open or close said valve and balance the inner and outer pressures according to the conditions oi how in said conduit.

a. The combination with a conduit having walls expanding in the direction of flow, or a cylinder in the expanded portion of said conduit having a conical end spreading the flow into an annular space between the cylinder the conduit, smoothly contracting masses walls in the lower portion oi: said conduit, a hollow valve member in said cylinder closing against a seat in the contracted portion of said conduit, said valve member being of gradually tapering form in relation to said contracted walls and adapted to sm'bothly divert the flow offluid in said conduit from a substantially axial direction in that portion oi said conduit anterior to the region of closure to a direction oblique to the axis of said conduit at the region of closure and again to an axial direction in the portion of said conduit beyond the region of-closure without sudden variation in direction or velocity and to develop a reaction against said tapering surfaces tending to move said valve,

and means for moving said valve with relation to said contracting walls to give a varia ble closure between them comprising liuid pressure operated means in said cylinder connected to said valve and operated by fluid pressure from said conduit, and a valve controlled fluid pressure connection from a portion of said conduit on the discharge side of" said closure and adapted to vary the fluid pressure against the inside of said valve so as to co-operate with said fluid pressure operated means to open or close said valve.

5. The combination with a conduit having wall expanding in the direction of flow, of a cylinder in the expanded portion of said conduit having a conical end spreading the flow into an annular space between the cylinuder and the conduit, smoothly contracting walls in the lower portion of said conduit, a hollow valve member in said cylinder closing against a seatin the contracted portion of said conduit, said valve member being of gradually tapering form in relation to said contracted walls and adapted to smoothly divert the flow of fluid in said conduit from a substantially axial direction in that portion of said conduit anterior to the region of closure to a direction oblique to the axis of said conduit at the region of closure and again to an axial direction in the portion of said conduit beyond the region of closure without sudden variation in direction or velocity and to develop a reaction against said tapering surfaces tending to move said valve, and means for moving said valve with rela tion to said contracting Walls comprising a fluid pressure operated means in said cylinder connected to said valve and operated by fluid pressure from said-conduit,and a valve controlled orifice interposed across the stream lines and communicating with the interior of said valve to vary the pressure therein 6; The combination with a conduit having walls. expanding in the direction of flow, of a cylinder in the expanded ortion of said conduit having a conical end spreading the flow into an annular space between the cylinder and the conduit, smoothly contracting walls in the lower portion of said conduit, a

hollow valve member in said cylinder closing against a seatin the "contracted portion of said conduit, said valve member being of gradually tapering form in relation to said contracted walls and adapted to smoothly divert the flow of fluid in said conduit from a substantially axial direction in that portion of said conduit anterior to the region of closure to a direction oblique to the axis of said conduit at the region of closure and again to an axial direction in the portion of said conduit beyond the region of closure without sudden variation in direction or velocity and to develop a reaction against said tapering surfaces tending to move said valve, fluid pressure operated means in said cylinder connected to said valve to move it comprising power transmitting connections to said valve from said conduit, and means for controlling the pressure in the inside of said valve comprising means connecting the in terior of said valve to a point of relatively high pressure in said conduit during closing and to a point of relatively low pressure during opening of said valve.

7. The combination with a conduit having walls expanding in the direction of flow, of a into an annular space between the cylinder and the conduit, smoothly contracting walls in the lower portion of said conduit, a hollow valve member in said cylinder closing against a seat in the contracted portion of said-conduit, said valve member being of gradually tapering form in relation to said contracted walls and adapted to smoothly divert the flow of fluid in said conduit from a substantially axial direction in that portion of said conduit anterior to the region of closure to a direction oblique to the axis of said conduit at the region. of closure and again to an axial direction in the portion of said conduit beyond the region of closure without sudden variation in direction or velocity and to develop a "reaction against said tapering surfaces tend- .ing to move said valve, fluid pressure operated means for moving said valve comprising power transmitting connections to said valve from said conduit, and means for controlling thepressure on said valve comprising a connection from the interior of said valve having an orifice opening into said couduit adjacent said contracted portion and positioned to utilize the variations in the flow velocity to vary the pressure within said valve.

8. The combination with a conduit having walls expanding in the direction of flow, of a cylinder in the expandedortion of said conduit having a conical en spreading the flow into an annular space between the cy1-' inder and the conduit, smoothly contracting walls in the lower portion of said conduit, a hollow valve member. in said cylinder closing against a seat in the contracted portion of ,said conduit, said valve member being of conduit at the region oi closure and again to an axial direction in the portion of said conduit beyond the region of closure without sudden variation in direction or velocity and to develop a reaction against said tapering surfaces tending to move said valve, a connecting means between said'conduit and the interior of said valveadapted to connect the interior of said valve to the conduit pressure during both opening and closing movements oi the valve and vary the pressure in said valve, and fluid pressure operated means in said cylinder for moving said valve comprising an internal cylinder and piston connected to said valve to move it.

' 9. in combination with a conduit through which a fluid is adapted to be conducted, of a valve in the conduit comprising a casing ha ing a seat, a hollow member within the casing having a plunger adapted to be moved to and from the seat to close and open-the valve, pressure operated means to open and close the valve, and means "for maintaining substantially the same pressure on the inner side of the plunger as exists on the outer side thereof when said plunger is stationary comprising connecting means between the interior oi the valve and the fluid way, said connecting means being open to connect the interior of the valve to the fluid way during both opening and closing movements of the valve. Y

10. in combination with a conduit through which a fluid is adapted to be conveyed, of a valve in the conduit comprising a casing having a seat, aninner chamber with a movable part in the form oi a plunger'adapted to p be shifted to and from the seat to close and open the valve, opening and closing chain -bers to which pressure is adapted to be supplied from said conduit and from which pressure is adapted to exhausted to cause the opening and closure olthe valve, and con necting means between the conduit and the interioroii the valve, said connecting means being open during both the opening and closin movement of-the valve and comprising valve control means by which the pressure on the outer end of the plunger is maintained on the inner side of the chamber.

1.1., in combination with a fluid conduit, a i valve in the conduit comprising a casing, an

inner hollow member having a movable part in the form of a plunger, fluid pressure means for shifting the plunger in one direction to open the valve and in the opposite direction to close the valve comprising an equalizing passageway communicating with the interior of the hollow member and with the water way for maintaining within the hollow member at any stationary position of the plunger substantially the same pressure that exists on the nose of theplunger, and means for opening and closing said passageway,

12. in combination, a fluid conduit, a valve seat therein, a hollow valve within said conduit, comprising two telescoping parts, one of which is lined in the conduit and the. mov able section of which is formed with reverse curves and adapted'to seat upon the valve seat, a connecting passage between the opposite sides of the movable section, an operating cylinder supported on the inside of the hollow valve on the fixed portion thereof, a piston in the operating cylinder mechanically connected to the movable element, means for alternately connecting opposite sides of the piston to the pressure of said fluid conduit, respectively, and means iorclosing the connecting passage. 13., in combination, a fluid conduit, a valve seat therein, a hollow valve within said con duit, comprising two telescoping parts, one of which is hired inthe conduit and the movable section of which is formed with reverse curves and adapted to seat-upon the valve seat, a connecting passage between the opposite sides oi-the movable section, an operating cylinder supported on the inside or the hollow valve on theiixed portion thereof, a piston in the operating cylinder mechanically connected to the movable element, means for alternately connecting opposite sides of the piston to the pressure of said fluid conduit respectively, and means for closing the connecting passage during the closing movement of the'niovable section.

id in combination, a fluid conduit, a valve seat therein, a hollow valve within said conduit, comprising two telescoping parts, one

or which is fixed in the conduit and the movable section of which is formed with reverse curves and ada ted to seat upon the valve seat, a por ion oi the downstream area of said movable section being always exposed to conduit pressure, a connecting passaee between the opposite sides of themovable section, an operating cylinder supported on the inside or the hollow valve on the fixed portion thereof, pistonin the operating cylinder mechanically connected to the movable element, means for alternately connecting opposite sides of the piston to the pressure of said conduit respectively, and means for closing the connectin passage during the closing movement of the movable section.

15, pressure operated valve, a casing forming a fluid conduit, a hollow valve within the casing and composed oi'telescoping parts, one movable relative to the other, and diilerential pressure chambers within said parts in which d-i fierent pressures are lie adapted to be established to operate the .valve, one of said chambers being contained.

within the other, each of said chambers being supplied with operating pressure from said conduit.

16. in a pressure operated valve, a casing forming a fluid conduit, a hollow valve within the casing and composed of telescopduit and having a piston connected to the movable part of the valve. A

17.. in a pressure operated valve for a fluid way, a casing and a movable valve plunger forming between them an enclosed pressure chamber adapted to contain fluid under pressure different from that in the fluid way, a cylinder and piston within said pressure chamber and connected to said casing and said plunger to move the latter, means for admit ting pressure from the fluid Way to said pressure chamber, means for admitting pressure from the fluid way to said cylinder, and means for exhausting pressure from said cylinder to control the movement of the valve plunger.

18. in a pressure operated valve for a fluid way, a casing and a movable valve plunger forming between them an enclosed pressure chamber adapted to contain fluid under pressure different from that in the fluid way, a cylinder and piston within said pressure chamber and connected to said casing and said plunger to move the latter, means for admitting and exhausting pres sure to and from said pressure chaniber and connecting means between the cylinder and fluid way for admitting and exhausting pres sure to and from said cylinder to control the movement of the valve plunger.

.19. In a pressure operated valve for a fluid way, a casing and a movable valve plunger forming between them an enclosed pressure chan'ibcr adapted to contain fluid under pres-' sure diflerent from that in the fluid way, cooperating cylindrical surfaces on said casing and plunger slidably fitted together and of lengths equal to the length of stroke of the valve plunger, a cylinder and piston within said pressure chamber and connected to said casing and said plunger to move the latter, means for admitting and exhausting pressure to and from said pressure chamber and connecting means between the cylinder and fluid way for admitting and exhausting pressure to and from said cylinder to control the movement of the valve plunger.

20. In a valve of the plunger type, an outer casing, an inner valve member supported centrally therein, and composed of a stationary portion and a plunger slidingly engaging the same and movable during closure in the direction of normal flow through the valve,

pressure operated means for moving the plunger to closed and open positions and including a plurality of chambers to and from which pressure is adapted to be supplied and exhausted, and means for obtaining pressure from substantially the center of the stream in the line to which the valve is adapted to be connected and applying this pressure to one i of said chambers,

21. In a valve of the plunger type having an outer casing and an inner hollow casing spaced therefrom to form a substantially smooth annular fluid passageway, said outer casing having a contracted portion provided with a plunger seat, a plunger telescopically arranged with respect to the inner casing to term an internal chamber, means for operating said plunger including a piston and cyl- 'inder, and means whereby said internal chamber and one end of said cylinder are adapted to be subjected to the same fluid pressure while the other end of the cylinder is subjected to a different fluid pressure.

22. In a valve of the plunger type having an outer casing and an inner hollow casing spaced therefrom to form a substantially smooth annular fluid passageway, said outer casing having a contracted portion provided with a plunger seat, a plunger telescopically arranged with respect to the inner casing to form an internal chamber, means for operating said plunger, including a piston and cylinder disposed within the inner hollow casing, and means whereby said internal chamher and one end of said cylinder are adapted to be subjected to the same fluid pressure while the other end of the cylinder is adapted to be exhausted.

23. In avalve of the plunger type having an outer casing and an inner hollow casing spaced therefrom to form a substantially smooth annular fluid passageway, said outer casing having a contracted portion provided with a plunger seat, a plunger telescopically arranged with respect to the inner casing to form an internal chamber, means for operating said plunger including a piston. and cylinder disposed within the inner hollow casing, and means whereby said internal chamher and one end of said cylinder are adapted to be subjected to the same fluid pressure during the closing stroke of the plunger.

24. In a valve of the plunger type, an outer casing, an inner valve member supported centrally therein, and composed of a stat onary portion and a movable plunger for directly controlling the flow through the valve mech anism, said plunger having its outer portion slidingly engaging an outermost portion of said stationary part whereby the inner surface of said plunger is enclosed, pressure operated means -for moving the plunger to closed and open positions and including a plurality of chambers to'and from which pressure is adapted to be supplied and exhausted, and

means for obtaining pressure from substantially the center of the stream in the line to which the valve is adapted to be connected and applying this pressure to one of said chambers.

25. In a valve, the combination comprising a conduit having an outer casing provided With a smooth tapering contraction, a conical valve plunger, a casing for supporting said plunger near the peripheral portion thereof to form a fluid pressure plunger chamber, said plunger being of the type adapted when the valve is closed and during tendency for flow conditions in the normal direction to substantially prevent communication between said plunger chamber and the downstream side of said conduit, said supporting casing and plunger forming a smooth fluid Way With said taperin contraction and adapted to seat against the surface of said contraction to close said conduit, :1 piston and cylinder spaced from said plunger but operatively connected thereto. and means whereby, upon reverse flow and discharge of pressure in one end of said cylinder, said valve closes automatically.

26. In a valve, the combination comprising a conduit having a tapering contraction, a conical valve plunger and supporting means therefor forming a smooth fluid-Way with said tapering contraction and adapted to seat against the surface of said contraction to close said conduit, an orifice in the nose of said plunger, and means, including a piston controlled checlr valve for said orifice, adapted upon reverse flovv through said valve, to build up pressure automatically Within said plunger to create a pressure force thereon in a closing direction.

27. In a valve, the combination comprisin a conduit having an outer casing provide With a smooth tapering contraction, a conical valve plunger, a casing for supporting said plunger near the peripheral portion thereof to form a fluid pressure plunger chamber, said plunger being of the type adapted When the valve is closed and during tendency for flow conditions in the normal direction to substantially prevent communication between said plunger chamber and the downstream side of said conduit, said supporting casing and plunger forming a smooth fluid-way with said tapering contraction and said plunger being adapted to seat against the surface oi said contraction to close said conduit, and means, including a piston and cylinder spaced from said plunger but pperativelyconnected thereto, to move said plunger and to hold it at various open positions and to automatically close said valve upon reverse flow and discharge of pressure from one end of said cylinder.

a valve, the combination comprising stresses a conduit having an outer casing provided with a smooth tapering contraction, a conical valve plunger, a casing for'supporting said plunger near the peripheral portion thereof to form a fluid pressure plunger chamber, said plunger being of thetype adapted when the valve is closed and during tendency for flow conditions in the normal direction to substantially prevent communication between said plunger chamber and the downstream side of said conduit, said supporting casing and plunger forming a smooth fluid-We, with said tapering contraction and said p unger being adapted to seat against the surface of said contraction to close said conduit, and operating means for said plunger including an opening chamber and a closing chamber, and means adapted automatically, upon reverse flow, to effect a closing pressure force in said closing chamber.

29. In a valve, the combination comprising a conduit having a tapering contraction, a conical valve plunger and supporting means therefor forming a smooth fluid-Way with said tapering contraction and adapted to seat against the surface of said contraction to close said conduit, and operating means for said plunger including an opening chamber and a closing chamber Within said plun er, and means including a valve controlled critics in the nose of said plunger whereby upon reverse iiow a closing pressure force is created directly and automatically in said closing chamber.

30. In a valve, the combination comprising a conduit having a tapering contraction, a conical valve plunger and supporting means therefor forming a smooth fluid-Way with said tapering contraction and adapted to seat against the surface of said contraction to close said conduit, said supporting means forming an internal plunger chamber for closing, and means forming an opening fluid chamber, a check valve controlled passage between said plunger chamber and the normal upstream side of said plunger whereby, during normal flow, communication through said passage is permitted, and upon reverse flow, said normal upstream side is a region of low pressure an d said communication is prevented.

31. in a valve, the combination comprising a conduit having a tapering contraction, a conical valve plunger and supporting means therefor forming a smooth fluid-way with said tapering contraction and adapted to seat against the surface of said contraction to close said conduit, means including piston and cylinder elements adapted to move said plunger toward its closing position during normal flow through said conduit, and means whereby said movement is automatically continued in case the flow through said valve should reverse.

LARNER llil 

